Busting Common Legal Myths in India: What You Should Know

Most Indians rely on word-of-mouth or popular beliefs when it comes to legal matters. Unfortunately, many of these so-called "facts" are outdated or completely false, leading people to make mistakes that could have serious consequences. Understanding the reality behind these legal myths is essential for protecting yourself and making informed decisions. Here are some of the most common misconceptions about Indian law—and the truth behind them.

Myth 1: Police Always Need a Warrant to Arrest You

Many people assume that an arrest is illegal without a warrant. While this is true for non-cognizable offenses (minor crimes like public nuisance or defamation), the police can arrest someone without a warrant for cognizable offenses—serious crimes like murder, rape, or theft. In such cases, they have the authority to act immediately.

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Myth 2: Verbal Agreements Are Not Legally Binding

A common belief is that only written contracts have legal validity. While written agreements are stronger evidence in court, verbal contracts can also be enforced if supported by proof, such as witness testimony or recorded communication. This applies to business deals, property transactions, and even employment agreements. However, having a written contract is always safer.

Myth 3: If You Find Money or Valuables, You Can Keep Them

Many believe that if they find lost cash or valuables, they have the right to claim ownership. However, under Section 406 of the Indian Penal Code, keeping lost property without attempting to return it is considered criminal misappropriation. If the owner can be identified, you are legally obligated to return the item.

Myth 4: Women Cannot Be Arrested at Night

There is a general belief that a woman cannot be arrested between 6 PM and 6 AM. While this is mostly true, exceptions exist. In serious cases, such as terrorism or violent crimes, a magistrate's approval can allow an arrest at night. Additionally, a female police officer must be present during the arrest.

Myth 5: You Don’t Need to Know the Law if You’re Not a Lawyer

Perhaps the most dangerous myth is that legal knowledge is only for lawyers and judges. In reality, understanding basic laws is crucial for everyone. From knowing your consumer rights to understanding how to file an FIR, legal awareness can prevent exploitation and protect your interests.

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Legal myths can lead to costly mistakes. Being informed about your rights and responsibilities empowers you to make better decisions in everyday situations. Don’t rely on assumptions—educate yourself and always verify facts from credible sources.

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